The automatic storage systems are storage systems in which the deposit
and retrieval operations are performed by a computer-guided robot:
the stacker
crane. The stacker crane is a three-axis machine (i.e. it
performs three types of movement: translation in the corridor, upward
movement and deposit/retrieval of the load unit) which moves inside
the shelves ? in the corridor ? and is guided by rail.
The distinguishing feature of the corridor with respect to the corridors
of the traditional storage systems is its narrow width, practically
equal to the depth of the load unit. The automatic storage systems
can be produced with one or more corridors depending on storage
requirements. In the case of several corridors, the most common
configuration is one stacker crane per corridor but systems are
also produced in which one single stacker crane serves several corridors.
In this case, steering stacker cranes are used (which, via points
systems on the rails, can switch from one corridor to another) or
transfer bridges (shuttles that transport the stacker crane from
one corridor to another). Systems of this type are used when a large
storage capacity is required for low rotation goods. According to
requirements, storage can be single, double or multiple
depth (see connection below for details), and the stacker
crane can transport one or more
load units simultaneously. In addition to permitting very
high density storage, the automated systems have the advantage of
reaching considerable
heights that are impossible to reach with traditional storage
systems. Building regulations permitting, heights well over thirty
metres can be reached without difficulty. Many of these systems
areself-supporting,
i.e. the shelving supports the side walls and the roof. This offers
considerable savings as there is no longer the need for a building
to contain the automatic storage system, as the storage system itself
constitutes the building. To integrate the storage functions (shelf
and stacker crane), the automatic storage system is completed by
a set
of conveyors which, according to requirements, move the
goods from and to the stacker cranes, perform picking
operations (both manual and robotised) or connect the automatic
storage system with the production lines or with the loading
bays of the shipping department.